Monthly Archives: February 2012
Brief Analysis of rows of gray flat gate valve structure and function of
Used in steel mills iron-smelting ash handling system, ash flat gate. \" The media – \"ash\" of the ash handling system, not only the shape of the particles (and sometimes scattered shape,
sometimes mixed shape), but has a certain viscosity, solenoid valve, there are carbon monoxide (CO). In the media \"ash\" particles, the seat often have different degrees of damage, scratches,
wear and tear, therefore, the requirements of the main pieces of the \"ash flat gate\", such as gate, valve seats and other components should be has strong resistance to abrasion. Iron-
smelting ash handling system conditions the use of pressure within the low pressure of about 0.25MPa; within the range of ≤ 250 ° C (under normal circumstances, the temperature is room
temperature, and sometimes instantaneous temperature up to 250 ° C); nominal diameter only from DN50mm ~~ DN400mm (DN300mm diameters of the most common). Its structure of the valve, such as
with diversion hole and increase the sealing surface \"seal design can not only improve the wear resistance; to meet the sealing performance; but also to avoid the ash into the valve end of
the cavity. In the design, the electromagnetic valve can take full advantage of the current with diversion hole, flat gate valve products, seat will be changed to \"increase the sealing
surface of the sealing state. In terms of wear resistance, and its metal to metal seal life longest, but the metal on metal \"increase the sealing surface of the hard seal, a standard to
allow leakage, leakage costs (such as the design of zero will be very expensive and difficult to process); two seals better than the non-metallic materials. Seal its not as good as non-
metallic materials, because the metal surface abrasion will produce a layer of oxide layer oxide coatings by the corrosive effect of the site can slow down the metal from further corrosion,
but if sliding occurs, the layer oxide is removed, the bare metal surface subjected to further corrosion, thus speeding up the wear and tear, and weaken the sealing performance. Non-metallic
materials, can not only save costs, reduce processing difficulty, but also to ensure the sealing performance. The working conditions of the steel mills iron-smelting ash handling system
temperature is generally room temperature, solenoid valve and sometimes instantaneous maximum temperature of 250 ℃. So the use of non-metallic materials (recommended bit polystyrene) for
the sealing surface, not only to meet the working conditions of temperature, wear, and will meet its sealing performance. Non-metallic materials – the bits of polystyrene, a temperature of
≤ 300 ° C, and harder than the rigid PTFE, to meet the conditions of the ironworks ash removal system, would be better sealing surface material. Seat material is recommended 1Cr13.
LED sensor lights manufacturers industry prospects Resolution not money immeasurable
Demand exceeds supply, oversupply, who told too many people engage in what the industry are so many people engage in Must have a large number of people is in grave goods. LED market
prospects are good, on your own strength, and what superior to others, is: Do you or else the very economic strength, or very technical strength, if these two are not, we can see LED
industry that is booming or others that the LED is good, you engage in LEDs, it would be free.
2.Led is a sunrise industry, the fast technological development, and extended to many, including the field of medicine. At present, the main problem is that cost is not very high, very wide
range of LED applications in the developed world in terms of government policy, or from the energy saving and environmental protection in terms of the LED market prospects are bright in
developed countries, In the near future, the LED will replace the incandescent lamp, a new generation of lighting products.
Good prospects 3.LED technology to funding has become scale, and with the popularity of environmental awareness, saving environmentally friendly LED lighting naturally become the darling of
the market and society, many government departments are caused by very high attention, from China to set up a lighting base can explain. I am also engaged in this industry, although
difficult to start, but the Government can help a lot, so do not worry about will go bankrupt. But all need to do anything they have the confidence and perseverance, this will receive the
respect of others, will sincerely help you!
4.LED the first is used in indicator LED luminous efficiency is getting higher and higher, the LED began to be used in the lighting of daily life, the largest application of LED decorative,
you can see the very LED city lighting engineering this year, the government is expected to purchase two million LED street lights. Cake belonging to the LED industry is growing in volume.
However, LED technology requirements, not know LZ want to do the production or sale of this piece. Looking at the LED, the main components of the LED chip prices dropped significantly and
the luminous flux of up to 90-100lm / w, the price of 10 1W made lamps also less than 40 yuan. The price will drop this year. As for LZ LED when will be accepted by the market, in fact,
related to consumer attitudes, the majority of people is the first consideration is price, look at the long-term energy-saving LEDs still have a great advantage. To be sure, the backdrop of
world energy, LED lighting is at least half of this point there is no problem, you look at the current LED applications, it is outdoor advertising are beginning to use LED display, the 2008
Olympics Water Cube, the opening ceremony picture, the character changes, Mr., LED credit. Real domestic consumption LED that time, I am afraid to wait until the mainland can separate large
-scale production of LED chip, Commercial Street is certainly a lot of LED lamps lighting shop.
LCD Display Control Laboratory Intelligent Security Systems
Xingyu co-editor of the Laboratory of intelligent security system hardware circuit design news on the LCD screen:
Integrated application of personnel training and teachers is an important place for scientific research. In recent years, based on the above issues, the paper based on GSM and single-chip
the LPC2138 laboratory security system design. The system uses 32 A RM Series MCU LPC2138 as master chip, and laboratory information collected by various sensors, if the showing of harm to
laboratory peace of factors, through the GSM module to send a short message to the monitoring center or laboratory manager in a timely manner The laboratory maintenance, thereby increasing
the reliability laboratory safe operation.
The control module consists of a single chip, LCD display, keypad control and power circuit. Mainly control the normal work of the coordinated system control module, single chip sensor
sent information processing, recognition, and critical information is displayed on the LCD monitor; button controls and LCD display the current state of the testing laboratories, can be
manually arm and disarm the operation, easy to use and flexible.
The alarm module is made up of sound and light alarm and GSM module, the received information against the laboratory, according to police intelligence pre-set mode, open the
corresponding alarm.
2.1 The main control module hardware circuit design
Microcontrollers in the Philips LPC2138 is based on a support of real-time emulation and embedded trace 32/16 A RM7TDMI-STMCPU microcontroller with 512kB of embedded high speed Flash
memory, 128-bit wide memory interface and a unique accelerator architecture 32-bit code to run at maximum clock rate. Strict control of application code size, to make it available 16-bit
Thumb mode reduces code beyond the 30% performance loss is very small.
2.2 Information acquisition module hardware circuit design
The collection of temperature and humidity sensor integrated without the need to dispose of the circuit, you can directly read the real-time temperature and humidity information.
The pyroelectric infrared sensor testing laboratory staff activities that belong to the anti-theft alarm. Paper the the application HamamatsuCorp the company\\ s products P228P22881 feet
for the power pin connected to +5 V power supply, 2 feet for the output pin, 3-wire grounding, the effective detection range of about 7m. Normal state, if there is no staff activities,
P22882 feet output, adhere to the low level output port of the disposal of the circuit; personnel activities within its detection range, P2288 output pin on the output of a weak current
through R1 converted into a voltage value is added to the common-emitter amplifier circuit of the input of a single tube, amplified sent to the LM324 comparator, the occurrence of a high
output.
This sensor with the door sensor, magnetic window as a reference of the Pirates of the police alarm signal.
Audible and visual alarm to the alarm with lights, power control by microprocessor controlled relay alarm.
3 system software design
Specifically can be divided into the main program and GSM communications, key control, LCD display three sub-sequence composition.
Polling detection of broken glass sensors, door and window magnetic, temperature and humidity sensor signal acquisition. Information on disposal of disposal of the collected information,
identify the alarm messages, select the appropriate alarm mode in accordance with the security status, and current laboratory safe state to send the LCD display.
TC35 communication module system used in support of the PDU message mode. To send data frames according to the system\\ s communications protocol information sent is the main way, a
complete data frame to mark the beginning of the unit, the four parts of the command unit, CRC checksum unit, marks the end of units, etc.. PDU mode, a data frame can contain 140 bytes (70
characters) the amount of data, the Chinese characters to be encoded in accordance with UNICODE. To send data in the format:
The keys to control the sub-order is set to interrupt service routine, the key interrupt priority level lower than the fire, theft alarm priority. You can query and set the two
functions. Query main query system information and historical alarm information; setting function in addition to arm and disarm the laboratory, but also set a different state of prevention.
In accordance with the characteristics of the school work, the security mode is set to the semester mode and vacation mode, these two models the same security rating, a different alarm.
Police intelligence information in the semester mode referred to the disposal of the laboratory manager; in the school during summer vacation, the vacation mode, the disposal of the police
intelligence information by school security at the duty officer.
This system uses the GSM wireless network to achieve centralized monitoring and management of decentralized laboratory, real-time monitoring of the operation status of the laboratory,
the timely detection of police intelligence in order to quickly rule out the maintenance of the laboratory to achieve the integration of the university laboratory, intelligent , network
monitoring, saving human resources, improve the reliability of the safe operation of university laboratories, the laboratory steady play to their functions.
LED table lamp power adapters power amplifier power adapter lighting power adapter LED lamp adapter
The relevant parameters of the power adapter is as follows:
1, the input electrical properties:
Input voltage: AC100-240V 50/60Hz
AC standby power: ≤ 0.3W
AC input current: ≤ 150mA
2, the output electrical properties:
Output voltage: DC3.0V-18.0V optional
Output current: 300mA-2000mA optional
Pressure test: 3.8KVAC/5mA/60S
3, applies to electronic refrigerator, modems, projectors, keyboard, removable hard disk, tablet PCs, scanners, sterilizers, air purifiers, HDMI splitter, vacuum cleaners, digital music player, humidifiers, LED lamps, LED lighting, digital photo frame, HDMI switcher, portable DVD, lighting, TV boxes, security equipment, routers, audio and video amplifiers, speakers products, power tools, instrumentation, air cleaner, electric heater, access control systems, small home appliances, supply of IT products, medical equipment, computers, machine learning, network equipment, reading machines, signal receiver, digital set-top boxes (DVB), educational products, signal amplifiers and other products.
household electric heater low-carbon energy development
Household electric heater is a very convenient heating equipment, indoor heater for wall-mounted and removable form of direct electric heating products. Home heater can quickly and easily through the open to stop power supply to control the temperature of the heater, no indoor plumbing, the product itself is fine, beautiful, without decoration packaging, easy to use, no noise. Heating such as coal, natural gas, straw, wood heating energy, electrical energy as the most development potential of the heating energy, with the rise of new energy such as solar, wind, hydro, nuclear, and flourishing . New energy to the human energy is clean, renewable, truly low-carbon or even \"zero-carbon energy. Point heating system with radiators, air conditioning, heater and heating system heating cable line, electric heating film, high-frequency electromagnetic heating as the representative of a new generation of electric heating systems. very fit in the active space enough to warm a cool head, the body comfortable and livable need. Compared with traditional heating methods, thermal electric heating system conversion rates as high as 98.68%, can greatly reduce the energy loss in the conversion and transfer process.
Electric film, high-frequency electromagnetic heating the use of heating systems, building energy efficiency as a precondition. Thus, the vigorous promotion of this new heating methods and the widespread use of direct impetus to the rigorous testing and landing execution of the national 65% of the statutory building energy efficiency standards, and thus promote the development of China\\ s low carbon buildings. Furthermore, the balance point of view from the power point of view, peak electricity consumption at night are significant differences between the power consumption, resulting in a waste of electricity at night. Full advantage of low power consumption, not only can increase the national income of off-peak electricity, but also can reduce the cost of power generation, stabilize electricity prices, energy conservation, and promote the use of low-carbon electrical energy. Specifically: this unique heating, people feel the indoor temperature is uniform, clean, comfortable and mute, and there is no traditional heating dry and sultry, it will not be due to airflow caused by indoor floating dust.
Opposed to the traditional heating methods, the use of electricity as the heating energy, do not need to build the boiler room, coal storage, heap gray, pipeline network and other facilities, conserve land, does not produce emissions, effluents, waste and other pollutants, which direct exhaust pollution emissions reduced to zero. Same time, even coal as energy for power generation, you can promote and improve the scale and intensive coal power generation, savings and reduce energy losses in the process of coal transportation and vehicle pollution, to reduce overall carbon emissions, thus strengthening low-carbon energy use. Electric film, high-frequency electromagnetic heating not only heated indoor air, immunomodulatory and anti-aging, such as distributed system far infrared outside the human body, bottom-up during the heating process in line with the human health principles warm enough to warm the head . In addition, the intelligent temperature control function can people heart heating, promote behavioral energy-saving, open whole new generation of user-friendly, low-carbon life.
solar LED lighting principle and Technology
Solar energy is the most direct and on Earth in general is the most clean energy, solar energy as a huge amount of renewable
energy, every day to achieve the radiant energy of the Earth s surface is approximately equal to 2.5 of hundreds of millions of
barrels of oil, it can be said to be inexhaustible, used not dried up. LED spectrum almost all concentrated in the visible light
spectrum, so the high luminous efficiency, and most people agree that energy-saving lamps can save 4/5 is a great initiative, but
also energy saving lamp LED than 1/4, this is a solid light source is greater reform.
The solar LED lighting integrated the advantages of solar energy and LED.
1, the system
1.1 system, the basic composition of the Introduction
System consists of a solar cell battery
The battery is an energy conversion and storage devices, by reflecting the chemical or physical energy into electrical energy. The
battery is a chemical power, which consists of two different components of the electrochemical activity of electrodes composed of
positive and negative poles, respectively, soaked and then can provide the media the conduction of the electrolyte, when connected
to an external vector by converting its internal chemical able to provide electricity. Component parts (including stents), LED
lamp, the control box (controller, battery) and the light pole a few parts; solar panel light efficiency 127Wp/m2, efficient,
wind-resistant design of the system is very favorable ; lamp part of a 1W white LED and 1W yellow LED integrated in the printed
circuit board arranged in a certain spacing of the lattice as a planar light source.
Control box casing of stainless steel material, beautiful and durable; control box placed on the maintenance-free lead-acid
batteries and the charging and discharging controller. The system selected VRLA batteries, because of its minimal maintenance, it
is also known as "maintenance-free battery, system maintenance costs reduced; charge and discharge controller is designed to take
into account the full-featured (with light control, time control, overcharge protection, over discharge and reverse polarity
protection, etc.) and cost control to achieve a very high price.
1.2 works
The system is simple in principle, the use of the photovoltaic effect of the principle of solar cells made during the day solar
panels to receive solar radiation into electrical energy output after charge and discharge controller is stored in the batteries
at night when the illumination is gradually reduced to about 101ux, solar cells board open-circuit voltage of about 4.5V, the
charge and discharge controller detects this voltage value after the action, the discharge of the battery on the lamp. 8.5 hours
of battery discharge, charge and discharge controller action, the end of the battery discharge. The charge and discharge
controller s main role is to protect the battery.
2, the system design ideas
The design of solar street lights and solar lighting, the basic principle is the same, but need to be considered part of more. The
following will be the Hong Kong and the Neo-Neon Holdings Limited This Solar LED street light for example, the analysis done in
several ways.
2.1 solar cell component selection
The design requirements: the Guangzhou area, load the input voltage of 24V power consumption of 34.5W, daily working hours 8.5H,
to ensure that the number of days to 7 days of continuous rain.
The ⑴ Guangzhou region nearly two decades the average annual amount of radiation 107.7Kcal/cm2, by simple calculation of peak
sunshine of the Guangzhou area, the number is about 3.424H;
⑵ load power consumption = 12.2AH
⑶ required solar component of the total charge current = 1.05 × 12.2 × ÷ (3.424 x 0.85) = 5.9A
Here, two successive shortest days of the design between the number of rainy days is 20 days, 1.05 for the solar cell module
system loss coefficient, 0.85 for the battery charging efficiency.
(4) solar modules, the minimum total power = 17.2 × 5.c = 102W
Choice of peak output power 110Wp, a single block of the 55Wp the standard battery components, should be able to guarantee the
normal operation of street lighting system, in most cases a year.
2.2 The battery selection
Peak wattage battery design capacity of the calculation compared to the solar modules should be simple.
Know that according to the above calculation, the load power consumption 12.2AH. Case the battery is full, you can work
continuously seven rainy days, plus the first night, the battery capacity:
12.2 × (7 + 1) = 97.6 (AH), selected 2 12V100AH ??battery to meet the requirement.
2.3 solar modules bracket
2.3.1 inclination Design
To allow solar modules to solar radiation received during the year as much as possible, we want to select an optimum tilt angle
for solar modules.
Discussion on the optimum tilt angle of the solar modules, in a number of academic journals in recent years too many. The street
lights use areas for the Guangzhou area, refer to the information in the literature [1] based on the design, selected solar
modules bracket inclination of 16 degrees.
The role of rare earth elements in the vacuum brazing of aluminum alloy
Vacuum brazing solder by adding trace rare earth elements of La, Ce, can significantly improve the quality of the Al-Si based filler metal LD30 aluminum
alloy wettability and vacuum brazing; significant improvement in the microstructure of the brazing seam, so that the crystal grain refinement, and the
middle phase distribution is more uniform, change the second phase CuAl2 of Mg2Si mesh distribution, so that thinning and fine; to promote the
mutual diffusion of the aluminum alloy and the solder alloy elements and uniformly distributed; so The apparent strength of the brazed joints.
The rare earth elements is a special alloying of certain metals. Rare earth elements can improve some properties of the alloy of rare earth elements
added to a light alloy (particularly magnesium or aluminum) more and more interested in the role. AlSiMg amorphous brazing solder LD30 vacuum brazed
has been verified to be able to obtain a good brazed joints and more satisfactory brazing seam quality. However, in Al-Si-based solder to join a small
amount of rare earth elements on the LD30 aluminum alloy vacuum brazing can achieve a more satisfactory than the AlSiMg solder joint properties,
microstructure and brazing seam. This paper by contrast AlSiMg such as brazing of Al-Si-based solder trace rare earth elements used in the LD30
vacuum brazed.
Ground source heat pump save 830000
The Laoshan Zhangcun Trade Center, Qingdao Flower World geothermal air conditioning is investing in construction projects, after the heat pump unit, a small amount of power-driven, low-grade heat to high-grade thermal energy conversion, a renewable
energy technology, according to estimates use source heat pump central air conditioning saving operating costs 836,000 yuan, and reduce atmospheric emissions of 28 tons of dust, 42 tons of carbon dioxide, 12.4 tons of nitrogen compounds, and nearly
360,000 degrees than the average central air conditioning to save electricity.
At present, Laoshan District, geothermal air conditioning, power generation landscape, sewage hot and cold source, such as industry, including various types of low-carbon industries emerge, low-carbon economy the Laoshan across the new fulcrum.
Geothermal air conditioning projects are under construction. Wind power complementary power generation projects have been put into operations, Laoshan District, easy to Premium Electronics Co., Ltd. successfully developed the manufacturing vertical
wind and solar power supply system, and accept business orders to begin production. The technology through the introduction of absorbing Japan s most advanced technology of vertical wind and solar power generation system than the previous level of
system advantages in performance, energy conversion efficiency will improve by about 30%.
It is estimated that, according to the current lighting standards, the 1000 wind and solar-powered street lights, 10-year use period than conventional street lights to save over 200 million kWh of electricity, equivalent to saving more than 90,000 tons of
standard coal, is expected to carbon dioxide emissions more than 30 million tons, sulfur dioxide and other harmful gases, reduce emissions of air pollutants by 60,000 tons, can also save a lot of road excavation, pipeline laying and other expenses.
Use of waste water as hot and cold sources are Luneng Jones Lang Sheng (Qingdao) Co., Ltd. invested Maidao Gold Coast sewage sources of heat pump air conditioning system is under construction, the project makes use of the sewage of Maidao sewage
treatment plant discharge standards for surrounding residents as a low heat and cold sources cold heating, after the completion of 822,000 square meters of residential heating and cooling for Maidao Gold Coast. It is estimated that this project after the
completion of heating annual energy saving 24,078 tons of standard coal equivalent, reduce annual carbon dioxide emissions by 63,084 tons, 204.66 tons of sulfur dioxide emissions, reduce dust, dirt particles and other air pollutant emissions of 380.25 tons,
reducing the 458.92 tons of industrial waste emissions. By reducing the consumption of coal, oil, gas and other traditional energy sources, to reduce such energy on the pollution of atmospheric environment is conducive to environmental improvements.
Chinese coal classification of multi generation technologys has made significant progress in China
"863" key project of coal classification of multi-generation technology has made significant progress in Anhui Huainan Mining Group, this technology through the organic integration of the processes of coal combustion, pyrolysis, improve the overall utilization of coal resources, reducing pollution emissions.
Chinese Academy of Engineering, Huang Li said that China s coal use patterns is direct combustion, accounting for about 80% of the total coal. The direct combustion of coal, but resource utilization is low, the pollution is serious. And coal gasification, coking and liquefaction technology investment and coal requirement is high, harsh operating conditions. Classification and utilization of coal polygeneration technology is based on the coal of different compositions and reaction characteristics, classification conversion of coal, with the wide applicability of coal and a furnace prolific, high economic efficiency, low pollutant emissions, ash slag comprehensive utilization. A coal export a variety of products, with virtually no waste waste emissions rarely, because of all the possible things that generate waste in the production process in the gas end use. "Huang Li said.
With this technology, the thermal electrical Huainan Mining Group and Zhejiang University jointly developed 12MW circulating fluidized bed coal tar-generation industrial demonstration unit has won initial success. This project, the use of circulating fluidized bed coal combustion, the hydrogen-rich composition of coal extracted for high-quality fuels and chemical raw materials of high attachment value, the rest of the semi-coke to produce heat by burning, go to the heating and power generation, not only a substantial increase in the value of the use of coal, and energy-saving rate of 20%, sulfides and nitrides, and other pollutant emissions reduced by more than 50%.
At present, coal classification polygeneration project is still in the running phase of the industrial demonstration, the next step, Huainan Mining Group this project ready to be enlarged to the scale of 135MW and 300MW, realize industrialization. For this project, more importantly, also need further research and study, seeking the use of technology in low temperature tar deep-processing technology and gas processing technology for tar produced by the project, said Wang Yuan, chairman of Huainan Mining Group and gas utilization technologies.
It is understood that the United States, Japan, Australia and other countries under mild conditions, preparation of coal tar, gas and coal pyrolysis of coal polygeneration translational research more widely. At present, the international oil supply, China s coal as raw material for liquid fuel technology development increasingly takes. It is estimated that China is now a large number of thermal coal used to burn all the coal classification of multi-generation technology, may be made of tar 1.5-2 million tons per year, 2000-3000 100 000 000 cubic meters of gas, coal tar by extraction of benzene high value-added chemicals, hydrocracking to produce diesel 0.5-0.8 million tons, will greatly ease China s oil supply and demand.
Brazing Classification
① soft solder into the soft solder and hard solder according to the different melting point brazing: the melting point below 450 ° C solder, tin lead-
based, lead-based (T <150 ° C, generally used for brazing copper and copper alloy, heat resistance, but poor corrosion resistance), cadmium-based
(soft solder heat resistance, one of the best, T = 250 ° C) alloy. Soft solder is mainly used for welding uneven force Japan to lower operating
temperature of the workpiece, such as a variety of electrical wire connections and equipment, instrumentation components, brazing (mainly used for
welding of electronic circuits)
Commonly used soft solder: the tin-lead solder (the most widely used, with good technology and electrical conductivity, T <100 ℃), cadmium silver
solder, lead, silver solder and zinc, silver solder and other materials. Soldering: refers to the use of soft solder brazing. Brazed joint strength is low (less
than 70Mpa).
The ② Hard solder: the melting point above 450 ° C solder, aluminum, copper, silver, base, nickel-based alloys. The brazing material is mainly used for
welding force larger, higher operating temperature of the workpiece, such as: bicycle frame, carbide cutting tools, drilling, drill bits and other (mainly
used for welding of mechanical parts and components) hard solder: copper-based solder, silver based solder (the most widely used hard solder, has
good mechanical properties, thermal conductivity, corrosion resistance is widely used for brazing of low carbon steel, structural steel, stainless steel,
copper and copper alloys, etc.), aluminum brazing (mainly used for brazing of aluminum and aluminum alloy) and nickel-based brazing material (mainly for
the aerospace sector).
Brazing: refers to the use of brazing materials for brazing. The strength of brazed joints is high (greater than 200Mpa).